TL;DR — IEC 62443 in 60 words IEC 62443 is the international standard for industrial cybersecurity, structured in 4 parts (general, policies, system, component). Defines Security Levels SL1 (casual) to SL4 (state-sponsored). Mandatory for NIS2 EU 2022/2555 compliance...
TL;DR — OEE formula in 60 words The OEE formula per ISO 22400-2:2014 has 5 steps: (1) measure Planned Production Time, (2) compute Availability = Run Time / PPT, (3) compute Performance = (Theoretical cycle × Total count) / Run Time, (4) compute Quality = Good count /...
TL;DR — OEE calculation in 60 words OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality, per ISO 22400-2:2014. Top quartile manufacturing reaches 78-92% OEE. Hutchinson Group raised OEE from 42% to 75% across 40 sites using Six Big Losses framework (Nakajima 1988). Compute...
What is Industry 4.0 and how is it different from earlier industrial revolutions? Last verified: 16 May 2026. Industry 4.0 (German: Industrie 4.0) is the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and...
What is Lean Manufacturing and where did the term come from? Last verified: 16 May 2026. Lean Manufacturing is a production methodology focused on systematic elimination of waste (muda) and continuous flow of value to the customer. The term was coined by John Krafcik...
